The tendency to defend and bolster the status quo. Known as the tendency for group members to spend more time and energy discussing information that all members are already familiar with (i.e., shared information), and less time and energy discussing information that only some members are aware of (i.e., unshared information). It may also manifest itself as a tendency for people to evaluate ambiguous information in a way beneficial to their interests (see also group-serving bias). The tendency to claim more responsibility for successes than failures. The tendency to unconsciously assume that others (or one’s future selves) share one’s current emotional states, thoughts and values. Individuals see members of their own group as being relatively more varied than members of other groups. The belief that we see reality as it really is – objectively and without bias that the facts are plain for all to see that rational people will agree with us and that those who don’t are either uninformed, lazy, irrational, or biased. The tendency for people to ascribe greater or lesser moral standing based on the outcome of an eventĮxpecting more egocentric bias in others than in oneself The tendency for people to want to believe that the world is fundamentally just, causing them to rationalize an otherwise inexplicable injustice as deserved by the victim(s). The tendency for people to give preferential treatment to others they perceive to be members of their own groups. (Also known as “Lake Wobegon effect”, “better-than-average effect”, or “superiority bias”.) Overestimating one’s desirable qualities, and underestimating undesirable qualities, relative to other people. People overestimate others’ ability to know them, and they also overestimate their ability to know others. When people view self-generated preferences as instead being caused by insightful, effective and benevolent agents People perceive their knowledge of their peers to surpass their peers’ knowledge of them. The tendency for a person’s positive or negative traits to “spill over” from one personality area to another in others’ perceptions of them (see also physical attractiveness stereotype). The biased belief that the characteristics of an individual group member are reflective of the group as a whole or the tendency to assume that group decision outcomes reflect the preferences of group members, even when information is available that clearly suggests otherwise. The tendency for people to over-emphasize personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing the role and power of situational influences on the same behavior (see also actor-observer bias, group attribution error, positivity effect, and negativity effect). The tendency to give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people. The tendency for people to overestimate the degree to which others agree with them. Occurs when people claim more responsibility for themselves for the results of a joint action than an outside observer would credit them with.Īn exception to the fundamental attribution error, when people view others as having (situational) extrinsic motivations and (dispositional) intrinsic motivations for oneself The tendency for explanations of other individuals’ behaviors to overemphasize the influence of their personality and underemphasize the influence of their situation (see also Fundamental attribution error), and for explanations of one’s own behaviors to do the opposite (that is, to overemphasize the influence of our situation and underemphasize the influence of our own personality).Īttributing more blame to a harm-doer as the outcome becomes more severe or as personal or situational similarity to the victim increases. Most of these biases are labeled as attributional biases.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |